The objective of any dosage form is to offer a therapeutic quantity of drug to a proper site in the body so that the preferred drug concentration can be achieved. Currently transdermal drug delivery system has become most discussed topic in field of drug delivery system, around 40-45% of drug candidate are in clinical trials in form of transdermal dosage form. Vesicular delivery system has gained more importances in transdermal delivery system dual penetration power of ethanol and propylene glycol synergistically increase the permeation of drugs to deeper layers of skin shows systemic effect. Vesicles containing ethanol and propylene glycol (PG) have shown better stability than ethanol alone. Ethanol has penetration power which interacts and disrupts the stratum corneum lipid and causes fluidly which loosens the barrier for penetration of drugs. Propylene glycol has stabilizing effect to prevent aggregation of vesicles and also acts as penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery system. Vesicles are prepared by cold method, phospholipids containing ethanol and propylene glycol with ratio of 7:3 respectively. Model drugs such lamivudine, acyclovir, ketoconazole are tested for synergetic effect of ethanol and propylene glycol for permeation in the skin. Formulations are evaluated for entrapment efficiency, size of vesicles, zeta potential and stability studies. All drugs have shown better entrapment in vesicles containing combination of ethanol and PG than ethanol alone. Zeta potential of vesicles for all drugs has shown in ranges of -8.1 ±0.62to -17.23±1.03. Stability studies show that propylene glycol presences prevent aggregation of vesicles and prevent from leakage of vesicles. In-vitro studies are conducted using cadaver skin in franz diffusion cell. A drug release profile reveals that combination of ethanol and PG enhances the deposition and penetration of drugs into deeper layers of skin than ethanol alone. Combinations of dual penetration enhancer will synergistic increase the permeation of drugs into skin.
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